Additional Reading

Anker, Elisabeth. 2005. Villains, victims and heroes: Melodrama, media, and September 11. Journal of Communication 55 (1): 22-37.

Bennett, W. Lance. 1996. An introduction to journalism norms and representations of politics. Political Communication 13 (4).

———. 1990. Toward a theory of press-state relations in the United States. Journal of Communication 40 (2): 103-125.

Bishop, Ronald. 2006. The whole world is watching, but so what? A frame analysis of newspaper coverage of antiwar protest. In Leading to the Iraq War: The global media debate, ed., Alexander G. Nikolaev and Ernest A. Hakanen. New York: Palgrave.

Bok, Sissela. 1998. Mayhem: Violence as public entertainment. Reading, MA: Perseus Books.

Brody, Richard. A. 1991. Assessing the president: The media, elite opinion, and public support. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Cook, Timothy E. 1994. Domesticating a crisis: Washington news beats and network news after the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait. In Taken by storm: The media, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy in the Gulf War, ed. W. Lance Bennett and David L. Paletz. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Dorman, William A., and Steven Livingston. 1994. News and historical content: The establishment phase of the Persian Gulf War debate. In Taken by storm: The media, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy in the Gulf War, ed. W. Lance Bennett and David L. Paletz. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Entman, Robert M. 2004. Projections of power: Framing news, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Entman, Robert M. 2000. Declaration of independence: The growth of media power after the Cold War. In Decisionmaking in a glass house: Mass media, public opinion, and American and European foreign policy in the 21st century, ed. Brigitte L. Nacos, Robert Y. Shapiro, and Pierangelo Isernia. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 11-26.

———. 1996. Reporting environmental policy debate: The real media bias. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 1(3): 77-92.

Holbert, Lance, Dhavan V. Shah, and Nojin Kwak. 2004. Fear, authority, and justice: Crime-related TV viewing and endorsements of capital punishment and gun ownership. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 81 (2): 343-63.

Huddy, Leonie, Stanley Feldman, Charles Taber, and Gallya Lahav. 2005. Threat, anxiety, and support of antiterrorism politics. American Journal of Political Science 49 (3): 593-608.

Huddy, Leonie, Stanley Feldman, Gallya Lahav, and Charles Taber. 2003. Fear and terrorism: Psychological reactions to 9/11. In Framing terrorism: The news media, the government, and the public, ed. Pippa Norris, Montague Kern, and Marion Just. New York: Routledge, 255-78.

Iyengar, Shanto. 1991. Is anyone responsible? Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Iyengar, Shanto, and Donald R. Kinder. 1987. News that matters. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kern, Mongague, Marion Just, and Pippa Norris. 2003. The Lessons of Framing Terrorism. In Framing terrorism: The news media, the government, and the public, ed. Pippa Norris, Montague Kern, and Marion Just. New York: Routledge, 281-302.

Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 2000. Politicians don’t pander: Political manipulation and the loss of democratic responsiveness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kern, Montague. 1981. The invasion of Afghanistan: Domestic vs. foreign stories. In Television coverage of the Middle East, ed. William C. Adams. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing, 106-127.

Kushner, Shana A. 2005. Threat, media, and foreign policy opinion. Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, IL, April 7-10.

Lippmann, Walter. 1946 [1922]. Public opinion. New York: Free Press.

Nacos, Brigitte L. 2002. Mass-mediated terrorism: The centrality of the media in terrorism and counterterrorism. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

———. 1990. The press, presidents and crises. New York: Columbia University Press.

———. 1996. Terrorism and the media: From the Iran hostage crisis to the Oklahoma City bombing. New York: Columbia University Press.

Neuman, Russel W., Marion Just, and Ann N. Crigler. 1992. Common knowledge: News and the construction of political meaning. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Nisbet, Eric C., and James Shanahan. 2005. Restrictions on civil liberties, views of Islam & Muslim Americans. Media and Society Group, Cornell University, December 2004.

Norris, Pippa. 1997. Women, media, and politics.  New York: Oxford University Press.

Page, Benjamin I., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1992. The rational public: Fifty years of trends in American’s policy preferences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Pratkanis, Anthony, and Elliott Aronson. 1991. Age of propaganda: Everyday use and abuse of persuasion. New York: W. H. Freeman.

Romer, Daniel, Kathleen Jamieson-Hall, and Sean Aday. 2003. Television news and the cultivation of fear of crime. Journal of Communication  55 (1): 88-104.

Rubin, Alan, et al. 2003. Television exposure not predictive of terrorism fear. Newspaper Research Journal 24 (1): 128-45.

Schmid, Alex, and Janny de Graaf. 1982. Violence and communication: Insurgent terrorism and the Western news media. London: Sage.

Shanahan, James, and Michael Morgan. 1999. Television and its viewers: Cultivation theory and research. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Shapiro, Robert Y., and Lawrence R. Jacobs. 2000. Who leads and who follows? U.S. presidents, public opinion, and foreign policy. In Decisionmaking in a glass house: Mass media, public opinion and American and European foreign policy in the 21st century, ed. Brigitte L. Nacos, Robert Y. Shapiro, and Pierangelo Isernia. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 223-45.

Shenk, David. 1997. Data smog: Surviving the information glut. New York: HarperCollins.

Zaller, John, and Dennis Chiu. 2002. Government’s little helper: U.S. press coverage of foreign policy crises. In Decisionmaking in a glass house: Mass media, public opinion and American and European foreign policy in the 21st century, ed. Brigitte L. Nacos, Robert Y. Shapiro, and Pierangelo Isernia. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.