Additional Reading

Andreoni, James, and Lise Vesterlund. 2001. Which is the fair sex? Gender differences in altruism. Quarterly Journal of Economics.

Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., Suzanna De Boef, and Tse-Min Lin. 2004. The dynamics of the partisan gender gap. American Political Science Review 3:515-28.

Chaney, C. K., R. M. Alvarez, and J. Nagler. 1998. Explaining the gender gap in U.S. presidential elections, 1980-1992. Political Research Quarterly 51 (2) : 311-39.

Conover, P. J. 1988. Feminists and the gender gap. Journal of Politics 50 (4): 985-1010.

Conover, P. J., and V. Sapiro. 1993. Gender, feminist consciousness, and war. American Journal of Political Science 37 (4): 1079-99.

Dawson, Michael C. 1994. Behind the mule: Race and class in African-American politics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.

Gilens, Martin. 1988. Gender and support for Reagan: A comprehensive model of presidential approval. American Journal of Political Science 36 (1): 19-49.

Harris-Lacewell, Melissa V. 2003. The heart of the politics of race: Centering black people in the study of white racial attitudes. Journal of Black Studies 34 (2).

Howell, Susan E., and Christine L. Day. 2000. Complexities of the gender gap. Journal of Politics 62 (3).

Hutchings, V. L., N. A. Valentino, T. S. Philpot, and I. K. White. 2004. The compassion strategy—race and the gender gap in campaign 2000. Public Opinion Quarterly 68 (4): 512-41.

Inglehart, R., and P. Norris. 2000. The developmental theory of the gender gap: Women's and men's voting behavior in global perspective. International Political Science Review 21 (4): 441-63.

Kaufmann, Karen M. 2002. Culture wars, secular realignments, and the gender gap in party identification. Political Behavior 24 (3): 283-307.

———. 2006. The gender gap. PS: Political Science and Politics 39: 447-53.

Kaufmann, Karen M., and John R. Petrocik. 1999. The changing politics of American men: Understanding the sources of the gender gap. American Journal of Political Science 43: 864-87.

Lien, Pei-Te. 1998. Does the gender gap in politics attitudes and behavior vary across racial groups? Political Research Quarterly 51 (4).

Manza, Jeff, and Clem Brooks. 1998. The gender gap in U.S. presidential elections: When? Why? Implications? American Journal of Sociology 103:1235-66.

Norrander, Barbara. 1999. Evolution of the gender gap. Public Opinion Quarterly 63:464-76.

Pratto, F., L. M. Stallworth, and J. Sidanius. 1997. The gender gap: Differences in political attitudes and social dominance orientation. British Journal of Social Psychology 36: 49-68.

Schlesinger, Mark, and Caroline Heldman. 2001. Gender gap or gender gaps? New perspectives on support for government action and policies. Journal of Politics 63 (1): 59-92.

Shapiro, R. Y., and H. Mahajan. 1986. Gender differences in policy preferences—A summary of trends from the 1960s to the 1980s. Public Opinion Quarterly 50 (1): 42-61.

Sidanius, Jim, and Felicia Pratto. 1999. Social dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Togeby, L. 1994. The gender-gap in foreign-policy attitudes. Journal of Peace Research 31 (4): 375-92.

Welch, S., and J. Hibbing. 1992. Financial conditions, gender, and voting in American national elections. Journal of Politics 54 (1): 197-213.

Wirls, Daniel. 1986. Reinterpreting the gender gap. Public Opinion Quarterly 50:316-30.