Additional reading

Blumer, H. 1958. Race prejudice as a sense of group position. Pacific Sociological Review 1:3-7.

Bobo, Lawrence D. 1999. Prejudice as group position: Microfoundations of a sociological approach to racism and race relations. Journal of Social Issues 55: 445-73.

------. 2001. Racial attitudes and relations at the close of the twentieth century. In American becoming: Racial trends and their consequences, ed. Neil Smelser, William J. Wilson, and Faith Mitchell. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Bobo, Lawrence D., and Vincent L. Hutchings. 1996. Perceptions of racial group competition: Extending Blumer's theory of group position to a multiracial social context. American Sociological Review 61:951-73.

Cose, Eloise. 1993. The rage of a privileged class . NY: HarperCollins.

Crocker, Jennifer, K. Voelkl, M. Testa, and Brenda Major. 1991. Social stigma: The affective consequences of attributional ambiguity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 60:218-28.

Davis, Darren W. 1995. Exploring black political intolerance. Political Behavior 17:1-22.

Dawson, Michael. 1994. Behind the mule: Race and class in African-American politics . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Evans, Arthur S. Jr., and Michael W. Giles. 1986. Effects of percent black on black perceptions of relative power and social distance. Journal of Black Studies 17:3-14.

Feagin, Joe R. 1991. The continuing significance or race: Antiblack discrimination in public places. American Sociological Review 56:101-16.

Feagin, Joe R., and Melvin P. Sikes. 1994. Living with racism: The black middle class experience. Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press.

Gallup Organization. 1997. The Gallup Poll Social Audit on Black/White Relations in the United States. Dataset and documentation. Princeton, NJ: Gallup Organization.

------. 1998. The Gallup Poll Social Audit on Black/White Relations in the United States. Dataset and documentation. Princeton, NJ: Gallup Organization.

------. 1999. The Gallup Poll Social Audit on Black/White Relations in the United States. Dataset and documentation. Princeton, NJ: Gallup Organization.

Gibson, James L. 1995. The political freedom of African-Americans: A contextual analysis of racial attitudes, political tolerance, and individual liberty. Political Geography 14:571-99.

Hochschild, Jennifer. 1995. Facing up to the American dream: Race, class, and the soul of the nation . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Jaynes, Gerald D., and Robert M. Williams, eds. 1989. A common destiny: Blacks and American society. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Livingston, Robert W. 2002. The role of perceived negativity in the moderation of African Americans' implicit and explicit racial attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 38:405-13.

Nie, Norman, and Sidney Verba. 1972. Participation in America: Political democracy and social equality. NY: Harper and Row.

Schuman, Howard, Charlotte Steeh, Lawrence Bobo, and Maria Krysan. 1997. Racial attitudes in American: Trends and interpretations. Revised edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Sigelman, Lee, and Stephen Tuch. 1997. Metastereotypes: Blacks' perceptions of whites' stereotypes of blacks. Public Opinion Quarterly 61:87-101.

Sigelman, Lee, and Susan Welch. 1991. B lack Americans' views of racial inequality: The dream deferred. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sniderman, Paul M., and Thomas Piazza. 1993. The scar of race . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

------. 2002 B lack pride and black prejudice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Tate, Katherine. 1993. From protest to politics: The new black voters in American elections. NY: Russell Sage Foundation.